Figure 8 demonstrates the variation in the water and glass temperatures in the CSS. During summer, the maximum solar intensity is at 13:00 local time and reaches 970 W/m2, and the sunlight period exceeds 12 h. The water basin and glass temperatures vary from 25 to 86 C and from 25 to 58 C, respectively. The temperature differential between the water basin and the glass reaches a maximum value of 32 C at 18:00 local time. An electric heater is powered by solar energy through solar cells, and the solar energy is turned into electricity through the solar cells and then stored in batteries for utilization after sunset.
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